Heart attack risk appeared to increase with multiple divorces; women who had been through two or more divorces were almost twice as likely to have a heart attack than women who remained married.
According to researchers at the Duke Clinical Research Institute of the Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, NC, past research has established that people who are divorced tend to have more health problems.
Divorce is a major life stressor that can have economic, emotional, and physical health consequences.
It is unclear, however, how the incidence of divorce over a lifetime may influence the risk of heart attack, or acute myocardial infarction.
For their study, the researchers analyzed data from a nationally representative cohort of 15,827 men and women
between the ages of 45 and 80 who had been married at least once.
Between 1992 and 2010, the participants took part in a 2-yearly interview that assessed their marital status and overall health. At study baseline, around 14% of men and 19% of women were divorced, while around a third of participants divorced over the 18-year follow-up period.
Two or more divorces puts women at almost twice the risk of heart attack
The results of the analysis revealed that women who were divorced were at higher risk of heart attack than women who were continuously married throughout the entire study.
Fast facts about heart attack
- Around 15% of people who have a heart attack die from it
- Risk factors for heart attack include hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol and heart disease
- Symptoms of heart attack include pain in the center or left-hand side of the chest, pain or discomfort in other upper areas of the body - such as the arms, neck and back - and shortness of breath.
Interestingly, the researchers found that women who remarried after divorce still had higher heart attack risk than continuously married women.
What is more, heart attack risk appeared to increase with multiple divorces; women who had been through two or more divorces were almost twice as likely to have a heart attack than women who remained married, according to the results.
Compared with divorced men, the risk of heart attack was higher for divorced women, but the researchers say this particular finding was not statistically significant.
Men who had been divorced were at the same risk of heart attack than men who remained married, the study found. However, they found men's risk of heart attack rose after two or more divorces.
The study also revealed that, compared with women who remarried, men who remarried appeared to have lower risk of heart attack; they had the same heart attack risk as continuously married men.
Each year, approximately 735,000 people in the US suffer a heart attack. It is triggered by reduced blood supply to the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
Based on their findings, the researchers conclude that "divorce is a significant risk factor for acute myocardial infarction."
Last month, we learned from a study finding that a marriage is more likely to end in divorce when the wife is ill, rather than when the husband is ill.
The researchers say one possible explanation for this finding is that women are less likely to be satisfied with the care they receive from their husbands, as men have not been raised to care for others in the same way as women.
References:
1. Association between divorce and risks for acute myocardial infarction, Matthew Dupre, et al., Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001291, published online 14 April 2015, abstract.
2. Duke Clinical Research Institute news release, accessed 15 April 2015.
3. Additional source: CDC, About heart attack, accessed 15 April 2015.
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